Moniem Tech - "Non-Stand Alone" (NSA) architecture, where the 5G Radio Access Network (AN), also called New Radio (NR) is used in conjunction with the existing LTE and EPC infrastructure Core Network (
![Figure 1 from A Scalable and Flexible Radio Access Network Architecture for Fifth Generation Mobile Networks | Semantic Scholar Figure 1 from A Scalable and Flexible Radio Access Network Architecture for Fifth Generation Mobile Networks | Semantic Scholar](https://d3i71xaburhd42.cloudfront.net/1cec1337847ba92ff12a2c83d62831a0649b699d/2-Figure1-1.png)
Figure 1 from A Scalable and Flexible Radio Access Network Architecture for Fifth Generation Mobile Networks | Semantic Scholar
![What is RAN(Radio Access Network)? What is CRAN(Centralized-RAN) and DRAN(Distributed-RAN)? | Teppei Log What is RAN(Radio Access Network)? What is CRAN(Centralized-RAN) and DRAN(Distributed-RAN)? | Teppei Log](https://teppeilog.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/CRAN_DRAN_01-1024x576.png)
What is RAN(Radio Access Network)? What is CRAN(Centralized-RAN) and DRAN(Distributed-RAN)? | Teppei Log
![Toward 5G cloud radio access network: An energy and latency perspective - Bassoli - 2021 - Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies - Wiley Online Library Toward 5G cloud radio access network: An energy and latency perspective - Bassoli - 2021 - Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies - Wiley Online Library](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/cms/asset/08926e6b-d88a-42ba-949d-e61b6d583cf4/ett3669-fig-0001-m.jpg)